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Age-Related & Acquired Retinal Conditions

What Are Age-Related & Acquired Retinal Conditions

Unlike inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), which are caused by genetic changes passed down through families, age-related and acquired retinal conditions usually develop later in life.

They can be caused by ageing, other health conditions, problems with blood vessels, inflammation, injury, or other factors.

These conditions affect the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that helps us see. Damage to the retina can affect central or peripheral vision, colour vision, or overall clarity.

Age Related and Acquired Conditions

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

One of the leading causes of vision loss among older adults worldwide. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision used for reading, recognising faces, driving, and performing many everyday tasks.

Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

The most common form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), affecting the macula – the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision.

Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD)

Also known as neovascular AMD, Wet AMD is an advanced form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration that affects the macula, the central area of the retina responsible for detailed vision.

Geographic Atrophy (GA)

An advanced form of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD) that causes the gradual and irreversible loss of retinal cells in the macula.

Diabetes-Related Retinal Conditions

Diabetes-related retinal conditions occur when prolonged or poorly controlled blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels that supply the retina, affecting its ability to function properly.

Diabetic Retinopathy

A diabetes-related retinal condition that occurs when prolonged high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels that supply the retina.

Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)

A retinal vascular condition that occurs when a vein carrying blood away from the retina becomes blocked.

Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO)

Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO) occurs when an artery supplying blood to the retina becomes blocked. Because the retina depends on a continuous supply of oxygen-rich blood, a blockage can cause sudden vision loss and requires urgent medical assessment.

Age-related and acquired retinal conditions

Why Understanding These Conditions Matters

Age-related and acquired retinal diseases affect millions of people globally and place a significant burden on individuals, families, healthcare systems, and society. Improving awareness is also essential for reducing preventable vision loss, encouraging earlier diagnosis, and ensuring equitable access to care and emerging therapies.
Learning about these conditions can help people:
Recognise symptoms early
Understand risk factors
Seek timely medical advice
Make informed decisions about treatment
Access support services and rehabilitation
Participate in research and clinical trials
Connect with patient organisations and peer communities

Related RI Publications

Patient and caregiver burden in advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration

This RI study shows that advanced AMD affects much more than eyesight – it can reduce independence, affect mental well-being, and place significant practical and emotional demands on caregivers.

Read our work here

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